I'll speak not necessarily of what I believe, but of what the Bible says as I was raised to understand it and according to my own thoughts as I read the passages in question.
Re (from
men):
"16. He told her, 'Go, call your husband and come back.'
17. 'I have no husband,' she replied.
Jesus said to her, 'You are right when you say you have no husband. 18. The fact is, you have had five husbands, and the man you now have is not your husband. What you have just said is quite true.'
Was Jesus against cohabitation?"
Possibly, but one couldn't gather as much just based on those verses. I don't think Jesus was the type of guy who'd be sarcastic or purposely give someone a bad time, much less play some kind of mind game with them. I think his only intention here was to demonstrate to this woman that he was no ordinary man, that she could believe that he could see into her very soul. That's my take on it anyway.
When reading in that context, one could imagine that Jesus probably spoke to her in tones of compassion and understanding, not of judgment or condemnation. Jesus, being in a better position than any man to pass judgment, paradoxically had the least judgmental personality of perhaps any man you could ever meet. As loveboston pointed out: Jesus, while hanging on the cross in unspeakable agony, prayed for those most guilty for putting him there and said, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do."
Elsewhere in the Gospels we read of a woman, who'd been caught in the act of adultery, being dragged before Jesus. Hoping to ensare Jesus with a damned-if-I-do/damned-if-I-don't question, the men holding her pointed out that the venerable Mosaic Law, issued by God, demanded that such a woman be stoned to death. "But what do you think we should do?" they asked Jesus. Jesus, after thinking his own private thoughts and writing in the dirt with a stick, stood up and said, "Let he who is without sin among you cast the first stone."
Well of course no one there -- except Jesus -- was without sin, and they all knew it. Slowly, one by one, the crowd dispersed, leaving only Jesus and the woman. Jesus said, "Where are your accusers? Doesn't any man remain to accuse you?" and she said, "No man, Lord," rather suggesting that she recognized Jesus' divine nature. Then Jesus said, "Neither do I condemn you; go your way, and sin no more."
So, we see that Jesus didn't condemn the adulteress, but, he didn't condone the adultery either. He did advise her to refrain from doing it again. Which tells me that he didn't necessarily reject the Mosaic Law, nor that he didn't have traditional scruples about certain sexual practices; but that he chose to forgive rather than to condemn people. Which indeed is what the "good news" of the Gospels is all about: that God is willing to understand, sympathize, and forgive. No need to stone someone to death if God has forgiven them.
By the way, that's two examples where Jesus spoke kindly and respectfully to two different women. Pretty good considering he lived in a place and time where women were just property. He even assumed the very Western attitude of extending a tender heart towards his mother when he was hanging on the cross. She and one of his twelve disciples were staring up at him, and instead of mentioning his own plight, his first thought was to see that his mom would be okay. "Behold thy mother," he said to the disciple, and to his mother, "Behold thy son!"
That's all for now ... Got to turn in ...